NEW YORK -- Gasoline prices can spike for all kinds of reasons: tension in the Middle East, a refinery suddenly shuts down for maintenance or the annual springtime switch to summer blends of gasoline.
A refinery strike would appear to be another reason. Yet three weeks into a walkout at 11 refineries around the country, the effect on the prices of gasoline, diesel and other fuels is barely discernable, said an Associated Press report.
Gasoline prices have gone up this month, but mostly due to a sharp increase in the price of oil and because the prices almost always rise this time of year, Tom Kloza, chief oil analyst at the Oil Price Information Service (OPIS), told the news agency.
If autoworkers strike, cars stop coming off the line. If teachers strike, kids don't go to school. But refineries are different, said the report. They are like giant pressure cookers, and once they are up and running they don't need all that much elbow grease to keep oil flowing in and fuels coming out.
"We can continue on running with the staffing levels that we have ... for a very long period of time," Tesoro CEO Geoff Goff told investors last week. Tesoro owns three of the refineries undergoing strikes.
The United Steelworkers union, which represents workers at 230 refineries, oil terminals, pipelines and petrochemical facilities in the United States, called a strike February 1 after failing to come to agreement over a new contract. The union accuses the refinery operators of creating unsafe conditions by tiring out union workers with extensive overtime requirements and using more and more contract workers, who they say aren't as well-trained as USW members.
They have asked Royal Dutch Shell, which the union chose to negotiate an agreement that would serve as a template for other operators, to produce information that details its use of overtime and contract work.
If negotiations break down further, the strike could spread to other refineries and could slow U.S. output enough to scare traders into bidding gasoline prices higher, the report said. The USW covers workers that operate two-thirds of the nation's refining capacity.
In the meantime, the Shell refinery in Deer Park, Texas, along with nearly all the other refineries targeted by the union in California, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Texas and Washington, are operating at near-normal levels because they have been able to line up enough managers, former employees, employees from other locations and contract workers to keep the refineries going.
Also, improved technology has made refinery operations more automated. Today's refineries are "an order of magnitude more sophisticated than they were 10 years ago," Skip York, an analyst at Wood Mackenzie, told AP. Refinery control rooms, he said, "look like they are about to launch something to Mars."
While the affected refineries have the capacity to produce about two million barrels per day, the strike is likely reducing output by about 200,000 barrels per day, York estimates. That's a little more than 1% of daily U.S. consumption of 19 million barrels per day.
A Tesoro refinery in Martinez, Calif., that was running at half-speed anyway has been shut down, and output is slightly lower at the other plants, York said.
The amount of gasoline in storage is higher than average for this time of year, according to the U.S. Department of Energy, which provides a buffer to any possible supply disruption. And because this is a slow time of year for refineries, they have the capacity to quickly dial up their production if prices started to rise.
"All this is mitigating the impact of the strike," York said.
Members help make our journalism possible. Become a CSP member today and unlock exclusive benefits, including unlimited access to all of our content. Sign up here.